How sleep cycles work
Through the night you move through repeating cycles of light sleep, deep sleep and REM sleep. Each cycle lasts about 90 minutes on average, though anywhere from roughly 70 to 120 minutes is normal, and most people go through four to six a night.
Waking up from deep sleep is what leaves you groggy, a feeling called sleep inertia. Timing your alarm for the lighter sleep at the end of a cycle can make getting up easier, even after the same amount of sleep.
How much sleep you need
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the Sleep Research Society recommend at least 7 hours a night for adults. Teenagers need more, around 8 to 10 hours. Five cycles is 7½ hours and six is 9, which is why those are the recommended options here.
The limits of a calculator
Cycles aren't identical: early cycles have more deep sleep, later ones more REM, and length varies from person to person and night to night. Treat the times as a good starting point. If you consistently wake up tired after enough hours, or snore heavily, talk to a doctor, since conditions like sleep apnea can't be fixed by timing.
Bedtimes for common wake-up times
Allowing 15 minutes to fall asleep and 90-minute cycles. Times are for 6, 5 and 4 cycles (9, 7½ and 6 hours of sleep).
- Wake at 5:00 AM: 7:45 PM, 9:15 PM or 10:45 PM
- Wake at 5:30 AM: 8:15 PM, 9:45 PM or 11:15 PM
- Wake at 6:00 AM: 8:45 PM, 10:15 PM or 11:45 PM
- Wake at 6:30 AM: 9:15 PM, 10:45 PM or 12:15 AM
- Wake at 7:00 AM: 9:45 PM, 11:15 PM or 12:45 AM
- Wake at 7:30 AM: 10:15 PM, 11:45 PM or 1:15 AM
- Wake at 8:00 AM: 10:45 PM, 12:15 AM or 1:45 AM
Habits that make the times work
- Keep the same wake-up time every day, weekends included. It anchors your body clock more than bedtime does.
- Get daylight soon after waking; it helps you feel sleepy at the right time in the evening.
- Stop caffeine 8 or more hours before bed. The caffeine calculator shows how much is left at bedtime.
- Keep the bedroom cool, dark and quiet.
- If you can't sleep after about 20 minutes, get up and do something calm until you feel sleepy.